A standard, collective list out of cross-physical fitness are determined each combination of maternal tree and pollen donor, predicated on adult fruits place, seed germination, and you may survivorship and you will growth of seedlings. For every single types, mixed-model data off variance was used to assess the results regarding relation avec un alcoolique en voie de guérison crossing cures (repaired effect; that have maternal forest provided due to the fact a random effect) toward part of hands-pollinated herbs means mature fruit, cost from vegetables germination and you can seedling survivorship, seedling size during the 1 year, and you can collective physical fitness. Several models had been checked using ANOVA: (a) and additionally all the treatments, (b) leaving out imbalanced solutions, to allow review out of communications terms, (c) minus selfing cures (since the maternal woods were mostly or totally worry about-incompatible), and you will (d) group most of the within this-Sinharaja outcrossing service to test the result off in this- against. between-forest crossing. The end result of crossing point on every factor is after that checked-out using linear or quadratic regression analysis, according to model of the relationship. Lastly, for each maternal forest, the effects from nearest-next-door neighbor and you may enough time-length mating were projected owing to indices off biparental inbreeding despair and you will outbreeding anxiety, respectively, considering collective fitness values.

Syzygium rubicundum

Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: F_2,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).

Shorea cordifolia

Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; F_2,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.